无人机电力线路安全巡检系统及关键技术

近年来架空输电线路架设规模日益扩大,由于其覆盖范围区域广、穿越区域地形复杂并且自然环境恶劣,采用人工定期巡检的方式越来越不能满足现代电力系统安全稳定运行的需要。无人机技术的发展为架空输电线路巡检工作提供了新的平台,借助无人直升机,通过遥感技术应用,采用多传感器集成的方法,可实现电力线路安全巡检工作的高效和全自动化开展。本文介绍了基于遥感技术的电力线路安全巡检系统的基本概念和组成部分,重点分析了主要的关键技术,包括无人机飞行姿态控制、多传感器间高精度时间同步、缺陷探测和智能诊断、机载传感器检校、无线通讯、地面数据处理等,将无人直升机用于电力线路巡检工作的技术要点进行了较为全面的阐述。     

考虑电网阻抗耦合的模块化多电平换流器交直流侧阻抗通用计算方法

以模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)为技术路线的柔性直流输电技术在风电接入、电网异步互联等领域迅速发展。MMC的阻抗建模是分析柔性直流输电系统振荡起源的重要依据。文中分析MMC在交、直流侧激励下的谐波传递机制,建立一种适用于交、直流侧阻抗计算的通用方法。对一次系统频域建模关联了MMC所连接的交、直流侧网络阻抗,并考虑包含解耦双同步参考坐标系锁相环及负序内环控制在内的全部控制模块。通过求解线性方程组对MMC阻抗进行计算,并在PSCAD/EMTDC环境中对双端背靠背MMC系统在多种工况下1～5kHz频段内进行扫频,验证该方法的准确性,并详细分析网络阻抗耦合、控制链路延时、功率等级、负序内环和外环控制等因素对MMC阻抗的影响。     

物联网技术在设备全生命周期管理中的应用

针对传统电力通信资源管理自动化水平不高的问题,将物联网技术和资源管理相结合,提出一种基于物联网的电力通信资源全生命周期管理模式。介绍系统软、硬件架构体系,研究系统平台中采用的产品电子代码读写技术和数据库同步技术的实现方法和关键技术。结合某电力公司的具体应用实例,验证该系统平台的可行性和实用性,实现集约化、精细化、数字化的电力通信资源管理模式。     

Effect of YSZ-incorporated glass-based composite coating on oxidation behavior of K438G superalloy at 1000 °C

A glass-based composite coating incorporating YSZ particles was prepared by sintering on K438G superalloy substrates. The YSZ additions increased the cyclic oxidation resistance at 1000 °C, while the formation of zircon resulting from interfacial reactions between YSZ and the glass matrix worked reversely. Besides, the YSZ inclusions changed the crystallization behavior of the glass matrix, and only anorthite precipitated during cyclic oxidation. Due to the synergy of sand-blasting and sealing effect of the glass-based coating, the oxidation behavior of K438G was changed and a layer of alumina instead of chromia formed at the substrate/coating interface. Furthermore, a gahnite layer formed at the alumina/gahnite interface because of interfacial reactions between alumina and the glass matrix, leading to the formation of a bi-layered thermally grown oxide. Thus, the alumina layer was protected from the attack of the active glass matrix. Accordingly, the coated K438G superalloy exhibited satisfactory oxidation resistance at 1000 °C.     

Dissipating energy flow method for locating the source of sustained oscillations

The modification of an energy-based approach called the dissipating energy flow (DEF) method is proposed, which uses data from phasor measurement units (PMUs) to trace the source of poorly damped natural and forced oscillations in power systems. The original energy-based approach (Chen et al., 2013) assumes the ability to determine steady-state values of variables measured by PMU during the transient process and that prevents the reliable use of the original method with actual PMU data. PMU data processing, proposed in the DEF method, is a key step in converting the energy-based method into a robust and automated tool for use with actual PMU data. The effectiveness of the proposed DEF method is demonstrated by testing multiple simulated cases of sustained oscillations, including both poorly damped natural and forced oscillations and more than 30 actual events in ISO New England (ISO-NE) and two events in Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) systems. The study also demonstrates the potential for using the DEF method to estimate the contribution of any generator to the damping of a specific oscillation mode.     

Decision trees aided scheduling for firm power capacity provision by virtual power plants

The incorporation of Distributed Generation (DG) under the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) concept allows the market integration of several and largely dispersed electric power sources. One matter of concern for the VPP owner and operator is to follow the hourly schedule regardless of the stochastic nature of some of its sources or any unpredicted generation outages. This study presents a Decision Tree (DT) based methodology that prepares for the dispatching of power equivalent to the possible loss of the highest injection of one of the sources of the VPP (according to day-ahead hourly schedule) to the rest of its sources, on an hour-ahead horizon. This allows VPP operators to provide firm capacity and participate effectively in the energy market.     

考虑系统静态电压稳定性的电动汽车充电设备 就地控制方法研究

随着电动汽车的大规模发展,其峰值充电负荷占全网负荷的比例日益上升,给电网的静态电压稳定带来了负面影响。试图将电动汽车充电设备纳入电力系统安稳控制,从而减少这一影响。提出了电动汽车充电设备的三种控制方法：灵敏度控制方法、理想控制方法以及下垂控制方法,并对其控制效果进行了对比。三种方法都能够达到提升系统负荷裕度的目的,但其中的下垂控制方法更适合实际控制应用。将下垂控制应用到新英格兰39节点系统,在不同渗透率和不同充电速率情况下分析其对系统电压稳定性的影响。结果表明下垂控制能够明显提高系统负荷裕度,是一种有效的电动汽车充电设备就地控制方法。     

双馈风电机组附加控制对轴系振荡影响的评估方法

为消除绝对特征值灵敏度指标中参数量纲的影响,同时计及风速的概率分布特性对特征值灵敏度排序的影响,提出了一种累积相对特征值灵敏度(CRES)指标及其计算方法,并基于该指标定量评估了双馈风电机组附加控制(有功功率调制、虚拟惯性控制、下降控制、无功功率调制和机端电压控制)对机组本身轴系振荡阻尼的影响。CRES本质上是相对特征值灵敏度的加权和。通过引入相对特征值灵敏度消除了参数量纲的影响;在此基础上,按照转子运行状态将风速划分为若干区间,以平均风速作为该区间的典型风速,以风速落入该区间的概率作为该区间典型风速下计算所得相对特征值灵敏度的权重。时域仿真结果表明:基于CRES指标能有效地确定不同类型附加控制中影响轴系振荡阻尼的关键参数,通过对关键参数的重新整定可显著减小附加控制器对轴系振荡的不利影响和降低其对传动轴系统的转矩冲击。     

主动配电网电能质量实时监测系统设计与实现

设计并实现了一套面向服务的浏览器/服务器(B/S)模式主动配电网电能质量实时监测系统,提供主动配电网逐层消纳分布式电源过程的电能质量实时监测功能,重点观测潮流方向变化对电能质量水平的影响。该系统基于IEC 61850标准建立电能质量信息模型,通过制造报文规范(MMS)将现场电能质量实时监测数据上传到主站解析并存入实时数据库;采用Silverlight技术对主动配电网主接线进行建模和绘制,客户端通过Windows通信基础(WCF)服务与服务器端通信,获取实时监测数据,并结合主接线图实现主动配电网电能质量全局实时监测功能,达到数据图形一体化展示效果。该系统在广东某地区主动配电网示范工程中正常运行使用,为主动配电网控制策略制定及电能质量问题分析治理提供了有效数据支持,证明了系统的可靠性和实用性。     

大型调峰机组透平油漆膜问题研究现状

近年来大型调峰机组由于透平油产生漆膜而引发的故障越来越多,吸引了国内外同行的广泛关注。综述透平油漆膜形成原因、检测和处理方法的研究进展和存在的问题。指出进一步研究漆膜生成机制、建立合理的漆膜检测体系及开发处理极性污染物新材料是其未来的发展方向。